Interested in learning even more about the science of buffering local anesthetics?

View the following articles and studies below! These are the articles that are referenced in the video, Science of Buffering – Anutra Medical and on our webpage The Science of Buffering.

Key Studies for the Science of Buffering

• Adding sodium bicarbonate to lidocaine enhances the depth of epidural blockade.  | Curatolo M1, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Lauber R, Högström H, Scaramozzino P, Luginbühl M, Sieber TJ, Zbinden AM.
• Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. | Cepeda MS1, Tzortzopoulou A, Thackrey M, Hudcova J, Arora Gandhi P, Schumann R.
• Alkalinization of local anesthetics. Which block, which local anesthetic? | Capogna G1, Celleno D, Laudano D, Giunta F.
• Faster onset and more comfortable injection with alkalinized 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 | Malamed SF, Tavana S, Falkel M.
• The Influence of CO2 and pH on Local Anesthetic Action | Richard F. H. Catchlove
• Neutralized lidocaine with epinephrine for local anesthesia–II. | Stewart JH1, Chinn SE, Cole GW, Klein JA.
• Sodium Bicarbonate Attenuates Pain on Skin Infiltration with Lidocaine, with or without Epinephrine | McKay, Warren MD; Morris, Richard MBBS, FFARACS; Mushlin, Phillip MD, PhD

Additional Studies on the Science of Buffering for Further Reading

• A Simple Method for Less Painful Application of Local Anesthesia
• Alkalization of Lignocaine-Adrenaline Reduce the Amount of Pain During Subcutaneous Injection of Local Anesthetic.
• Clinical Evaluation of Buffered Local Anesthetic
• Comparison of Three Modified Lidocaine Solutions for Use in Eyelid Anesthesia, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• Decreasing Pain of Local Anesthesia
• Effect of Warming and Buffering Lidocaine on Pain During Facial Anesthesia
• Infiltrative Anesthesia in Office Practice
• Less Painful Alternatives for Local Anesthesia
• Local Infiltration of Epinephrine-Containing Lidocaine with Bicarbonate Reduces Superficial Bleeding and Pain During Labor Catheter Insertion
• Pain Reduction in Local Anesthetic Administration Through pH Buffering, Annals of Emergency Medicine
• pH-Adjustment and Discomfort caused by Intradermal Injection of Lignocaine 
• Randomized Control Trial of pH-buffered Lignocaine with Adrenaline in Outpatient Operations
• Taking the ‘Ouch’ Out – Effect of Buffering Commercial Xylocaine on Infiltration and Procedure Pain
• The Use of pH Adjusted Lignocaine in Controlling Operative Pain in the Day Surgery Unit